Oneness Equals Knowledge: Non-Dual Realization and the Epistemology of Brahman in Advaita Vedānta
Jayeeta Roy
Assistant Professor
Department of Philosophy, Alipurduar Mahila Mahavidyalaya
jayeetaroy99@gmail.com
Submitted on: 15.11.2025
Accepted on: 28.06.2026
Abstract: Advaita Vedānta unfolds as a profound exploration of non-duality within the realm of Indian philosophical thought, revealing a complex and intricate metaphysical framework. At the heart of this tradition resides the assertion that Brahman is the sole essence of ultimate reality, whereas the multiplicity we perceive is merely a manifestation of empirical existence. This article delves into the intricate relationship between the concept of oneness and the pursuit of knowledge within the framework of Advaita Vedānta, exploring the extent to which liberating knowledge (mokṣa-jñāna) is contingent upon the realisation of ontological non-duality. The paper posits that the relationship between Ātman and Brahman, as expressed in the mahāvākyas of the Upaniṣads and systematically elucidated by Śaṅkara, engenders a unique epistemological framework wherein knowledge transcends the conventional duality of subject and object that typifies ordinary understanding. Through a careful examination of the texts and philosophical insights found within the Upaniṣads, Brahmasūtras, Bhagavad Gītā, and the commentaries of Śaṅkara, this inquiry reveals that knowledge in Advaita transcends mere propositions. It is a transformative journey that leads to the profound realisation of the self's unity with the ultimate reality. The article delves deeper into modern philosophical dialogues surrounding consciousness and the essence of metaphysical unity, all the while remaining true to the foundational categories of classical Advaita. It can be asserted that the notion of “Oneness Equals Knowledge” holds philosophical validity when interpreted not as a mere equation, but rather as the profound understanding that genuine knowledge emerges from the realisation of non-dual existence.Advaita Vedānta unfolds as a profound exploration of non-duality within the realm of Indian philosophy, embodying a complex metaphysical framework that invites deep contemplation. At the heart of this tradition resides the assertion that Brahman is the sole essence of ultimate reality, whereas the multiplicity we perceive is merely a manifestation of empirical existence. This article delves into the intricate interplay between the concept of oneness and the pursuit of knowledge within the framework of Advaita Vedānta, exploring the extent to which liberating knowledge (mokṣa-jñāna) is contingent upon the profound realisation of ontological non-duality. The paper posits that the unity of Ātman and Brahman, as expressed in the mahāvākyas of the Upaniṣads and systematically elucidated by Śaṅkara, delineates a unique epistemological framework wherein knowledge surpasses the conventional duality of subject and object that typifies everyday understanding. Through a careful examination of the texts and philosophical insights found within the Upaniṣads, Brahmasūtras, Bhagavad Gītā, and the commentaries of Śaṅkara, this inquiry reveals that knowledge in Advaita transcends mere propositions. It is a transformative journey that leads to the profound realisation of the self’s unity with the ultimate reality. The article delves into the current discourse surrounding consciousness and the notion of metaphysical unity, all the while remaining true to the foundational categories of classical Advaita. It is concluded that the notion of “Oneness Equals Knowledge” holds philosophical merit when interpreted not as a mere equation, but rather as the profound understanding that genuine knowledge arises from the realisation of non-dual existence.
Key Words: Advaita Vedānta, Brahman, Ātman, non-duality, monism, consciousness, liberation, epistemology