Mechanistic Evaluation of Dose-Dependent Antidiabetic, Antioxidant, and Hepatoprotective Effects of Hydro-ethanol (3:2) Extract of Commelina benghalensis Linn. Aerial Parts
Shibani Das1, Sova Dey1, Dibya Pal1, Sajani Sigharoy1, Debidas Ghosh1,2∗
1Molecular Medicine, Nutrigenomics and Public Health Research Laboratory, Department of Bio-Medical Laboratory Science and Management, Vidyasagar University,
Midnapore 721102, West Bengal, India
2Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Debra Thana Sahid Kshudiram Smriti Mahavidyalaya, Debra, West Midnapore, West Bengal, India
Abstract: Diabetes mellitus is a complicated metabolic disease characterized by β-cell dysfunction, oxidative damage, and hyperglycemia. This study evaluated the dose-dependent antidiabetic, antioxidant, and hepatoprotective effects of hydro-ethanol (3:2) extract of Commelina benghalensis (HEECB) aerial parts (2.5, 5, 10 mg/100 g b.w./day) in STZ-induced diabetic rats to assess its efficacy in regulating glucose metabolism and oxidative stress and hepatic enzyme activities. A single intramuscular injection of streptozotocin (STZ) (4 mg/0.1 M citrate buffer/100 g body weight) was used to induce diabetes. Treatment of HEECB was then started orally for 28 days. Fasting blood glucose (FBG), serum insulin, carbohydrate metabolic enzymes (hexokinase and glucose-6-phosphatase), oxidative stress markers such as catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) along with acid phosphatase (ACP) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were examined from concerned samples. The STZ-induced diabetic rats showed a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in serum insulin, hexokinase, catalase, and SOD activities, along with a significant (p < 0.05) increase in FBG, TBARS, glucose-6-phosphatase, ACP, and ALP activities. Treatment with mentioned doses of HEECB, significantly (p < 0.05) increased insulin levels, improved antioxidant defense by raising catalase and SOD activities and lowering lipid peroxidation and levels, and normalized glucose metabolism by increasing hexokinase and suppressing glucose-6-phosphatase activity. The extract also demonstrated hepatoprotective effects by normalizing ACP and ALP activities. The finding suggest that hydro-ethanolic extract of Commelina benghalensis aerial parts (HEECB) showed optimal efficacy at 1 mg, exerting potent antihyperglycemic, antioxidative, and hepatoprotective effects via β-cell protection, insulin sensitization, and enzyme modulation against diabetic complications.
Key Words: Streptozotocin; Antidiabetic; Antioxidative; Hepatopretective; Commelina benghalensis; Phytotherapeutic